Energy information administration grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law. Study of the karoo basin chronostratigraphy is a collaboration between 4 universities involved in the slope 4. However, the main karoo basin, with an area of 700,000 km2 and a basin fill of more than 5000 m of siliciclastic rocks, is. It represents the effect of headwater erosion by rivers flowing southwest and southeast from the escarpment. Click to view article in pdf format the petroleum potential of south africas onshore karoo basins lindiwe. Contact metamorphic devolatilization of shales in the karoo basin, south africa, and the effects of multiple sill intrusions ingrid aarnesa. Overall, the karoo supergroup across the kalahari karoo basin reflects a transition from a glaciation period through to deltaic and swampy periods ultimately turning arid before the extrusion of. Sedimentary deposits of the karoo sequence in northwestern damaraland are exposed in the goboboseb mountains south of the ugab river, as well as in an area approximately 100 by 50 km wide on both the northern and southern sides of the huab river fig. Deep sedimentary basins are currently being assessed globally with respect to their geothermal energy resources.
This basin preserves the reference stratigraphy of the late carboniferousmiddle jurassic. The early ordovician to early carboniferous cape basin 160 ma is believed to have developed by extensional processes cloetingh et al. At the fully equipped laboratory an expert team of microbiologists and food technologists set the benchmark for traceability and food safety. Including lithotypespecific correction and conversion equations. Pdf the coalbearing sediments and coal seams of the karoo basin, southern africa are described and discussed. The great karoo is divided into a western basin and a. A provisional basin analysis of the karoo supergroup. No exact definition of what constitutes the karoo is available, so its extent is also not precisely defined. The company announced its application had been approved by the petroleum agency. Depositional environments and stratigraphic correlation of. The karoo basins of southcentral africa preserve a record of a special time in earths history, when the pangea supercontinent reached its maximum extent during the late paleozoicearly mesozoic interval. Post 10 meandering in the main karoo basin, eastern cape, south africa field trip leaders. These reflect the progressive infilling of the karoo basins, the changing tectonic framework as well as the migration of gondwana from polar to tropical latitudes. The cape and karoo basins represent two largescale episodes of intermittent subsidence and sedimentation within the interior of gondwana fig.
Poor yields of palynomorphs from the beaufort and stormberg groups have complicated the. Post 10 meandering in the main karoo basin ec south africa. Kalahari karoo basin outline showing subbasins after smith, 1984, major pre karoo structural lines after modie, 2007, and outline of the study area in orange. Cbm and shallow conventional gas in the main karoo basin of. Turner department of geology, the university, newcastle upon tyne, nel 7ru, u. Pdf rapid vertebrate recuperation in the karoo basin of. The erosional remants of the main karoo basin cover approximately. Karoo shale gas baseline research program gets on the way at nmmu. The term karoo was extrapolated from the main karoo basin of south africa, to describe the sedimentary fill of all other basins of. Modie report on a field visit to exposures in the kalahari karoo basin of botswana the karoo supergroup of the kalahari basin.
Exploration in the basin revealed that methane concentrations in the coal seams of the morupule and serowe formations are undersaturated. Hydrogeology of the main karoo basin water research commission. Post 10 meandering in the main karoo basin, eastern cape, south africa. Formation of the eastern karoo basin, south africa by brian r. Cobra karoo basin mixer single lever plain chrome plumb it. Jul 25, 2017 this is an overview of the karoo basin in south africa, and its geologic setting. Central kalahari karoo basin and its subdivision belts redrawn after smith, 1984. The karoo basin in south africa contains the worlds best exposed subvolcanic part of a large igneous province. Pdf geophysically plumbing the main karoo basin, south africa. However, the main karoo basin, with an area of 700000 km2 and a basin fill. The late carboniferous to midjurassic karoo basins hold an. Transboundary aquifer mapping and management in africa. The karoo basins of southcentral africa evolved during the firstorder cycle of supercontinent assembly and breakup of pangea, under the influence.
If enough natural gas is found, it could provide south africa with a stable, cleanerburning energy supply for power generation and economic activity for decades. Dolerite sills and dikes crop out across the 630,000 km2 large basin, from base to top of the stratigraphy. Jul 14, 2017 unpacking the issues around fracking in south africa. Currently the permian whitehill formation is thought to be most favourable target formation for shale gas exploration and production, owing to the high total organic content toc averaging 5%, favourable maturities ro 1 4 %, thickness 30m average. In this new study for geology, robert gastaldo and colleagues present new multidisciplinary data from the karoo basin and call into question our current understanding of the terrestrial response to the end permian mass extinction. Those politicians involved in this rape of the earth must be named and shamed, this will not be good for the country and only a few elite will get anything out of it, and those are the ones who do not care. A country lawyer and a solitary karoo landowner were all that stood against bundus fracking 5 comments.
This comprehensive five day trip will take us through, via an unique route in the shortest travel time and distance, a geotraverse through over 400 million years of south african geological history. Petroleum potential of the karoo basins5 matchdeck. The term karoo was extrapolated from the main karoo basin of south africa, to describe the sedimentary. Contact metamorphic devolatilization of shales in the karoo. However, with population growth, climate change and the need to combat. Volume 58 number two june 2015 2 geobulletin june 2015 articles the majority of permiantriassic boundary sections in the karoo occur in inaccessible locations in the sparsely populated karoo region of south africa. The geothermal potential of the main karoo basin has not been addressed in the past. Western cape july 2008 9 nku 2 upper karoo hardeveld extending from middelpos in the west to nieubethesda in the east.
Abrupt and gradual extinction among late permian land vertebrates in the karoo basin, south africa peter d. But not all stakeholders agree, or are yet part of an ongoing debate whether or not south africa should even consider the potential value of this resource. Following on from the first 2 books in the series, sedimentary basins of the world, which covered chinese sedimentary basins volume 1 and south pacific sedimentary basins volume 2, comes volume 3, on african basins. Until recently, the karoo basin was not considered prospective for productive hydrocarbons resulting in very limited modern hydrocarbon exploration onshore in south africa. If found in commercially viable quantities, this gas could help secure south africas energy future, but only if we can preserve the unique character of the area as well. So far, the utilization of deep geothermal energy has not been addressed or included in any renewable energy scheme of south africa. Pdf carboniferouspermian glaciation in the main karoo. The karoo pump is designed to be very easy to install. The karoo basins of southcentral africa evolved during the firstorder cycle of supercontinent assembly and breakup of pangea, under the influence of two distinct tectonic regimes sourced from. Inset shows the location of the basin within botswana. The springbok flats sbf basin is one of the smaller basins associated with the karoo basins of the late carboniferousmiddle jurassic age interval. It has a nesw orientation and is approximately 205 km long and 30 km wide. Klein karoo international has a resident ostrich specialist veterinarian.
Until recently, the karoo basin was not considered prospective for productive hydrocarbons and thus. This vegetation unit is found on slopes and ridges at an altitude of 1900m. South africa summary south africa has one major sedimentary basin that contains thick, organicrich shales the karoo basin in central and southern south africa, figure xix1. Structure and evolution of hydrothermal vent complexes in the. South africa karoo projects peninsula energy 74% bee groups 26% peninsula has a 74% interest in a total of 41 prospecting rights prs covering 7,774 km. Unpacking the issues around fracking in south africa. When the exploration began in 2018, there was a great deal of excitement and a number of karoo towns, especially in the central karoo basin. Karoo baba sells only the very best quality sheepskins and sheepskin products south africa has to offer. The term karoo was extrapolated from the main karoo basin of south africa, to describe the sedimentary fill of all other basins of similar age across gondwana.
Van zijl 1977 published a practical manual on the resistivity. Beaufort group in a wide arc across the northern and northeastern parts of the great karoo basin, to determine if new technology can be applied to producing these challenging deposits. Already there are 26 current exploration rights four of which are old order rights awaiting conversion under the new. Here, we present petro and thermophysical data from a deep borehole kwv1, drilled in 2015 within the. Karoo shale gas baseline research program gets on the way at nmmu 20140219 this project recognises the need for independent robust scientificbased advice to objectively evaluate costbenefit equations, in light of potential bias andor sectional interests related to potential shale gas exploitation in the karoo. Karoo time, which includes the dwyka, ecca, beaufort and stormberg. Currently the permian whitehill formation is thought to be most favourable target formation for shale gas exploration and production, owing to the high total organic content toc averaging 5%, favourable maturities ro 1 4 %. Carboniferouspermian glaciation in the main karoo basin, south africa. Sep 22, 2015 the karoo basin and eastern south africa. The southern main karoo basin of south africa is considered prospective for shale gas exploration.
Facies architecture, reservoir applications and predictive stratigraphy field trip guide. Speculations about vast cheap energy wealth stacked away beneath the karoo have reached fever pitch. Girly afghan cal mandala part 1 rnds 15 by debi dearest. Shallow conventional gas coals are generally though capable of producing many times in some studies 14x the amount of gas that can be retained in the coal. The area contains basinfloor fan exposures that are tectonically undeformed, well exposed, and easily accessible, with. The main karoo basin of south africa is renowned for its exceptional palaeontological record and while its vertebrate fossils have been extensively researched, karoo floras have received considerably less attention. The karoo basin covers much of south africa and is an area of prospective shale gas. The karoo basins of southcentral africa university of alberta. We believe that the environmentally sensitive karoo can be protected even if it becomes a national energy resource. The karoo basins of southcentral africa sciencedirect. Major focus on coal deposits and potential for natural gas production including shale gas with some work on cretaceous basins of southern africa.
The volume of gas in place in the main karoo basin is highly uncertain, but possible scenarios suggest that technically recoverable volumes may range from 30 tcf to 500 tcf. The petroleum potential of south africas onshore karoo. Overall, the karoo supergroup across the kalahari karoo basin reflects a transition from a glaciation period through to deltaic and swampy periods ultimately turning arid. Transboundary aquifer mapping and management in africa africa is heavily reliant on groundwater resources, with an estimated 75% of the population dependent on this resource for basic water supplies. Slow cooked pork ribs in karoos homemade monkey gland or sriracha, honey lime sauce. Desorbed gas contents range between jan 23, 2015 this will destroy the beautiful karoo. Geothermal energy from the main karoo basin south africa. Yet, to date, there has been no age constraint placed near the turnover in vertebrate fossils in this, or any, area. Tectonic evolution of the cape and karoo basins of south. The karoo supergroup is the most widespread stratigraphic unit in africa south of the kalahari desert.
The karoo sediments in the sbf basin clearly represent the broad spectrum of the same set of palaeo environments that are recognized in the main karoo basin rocks. Karoo basin mixer, single lever, wall mounted, 140mm throw wall spout, sliding wall flange, handle and under wall body. Report on a field visit to exposures in the kalahari. Shale gas developments in the karoo basin i 1 doug colehaajierah mosavel characterisation of surface dust and trapped dust samples around some asbestos mine dumps in mpumalanga province, south africa i 3 maphuti kwata the all new young geoscientists network i 4 refilwe shelembe first south africacanada bilateral collaboration. Abrupt and gradual extinction among late permian land. Register and comment now on the plans of wouldbe frackers bundu and. The karoo basin reaches 600,000 sq km in central and southern south africa and contains thick, organic rich shales such as the permian whitehill formation.
We are committed to the sustainable development of cleanburning natural gas in an environmentally sound manner, while working collaboratively with local communities to ensure all concerns are addressed and considered. The karoo is a special place that must be respected socially and environmentally. In some countries this may not be legally possible. However, the main karoo basin, with an area of 700,000 km 2 and a basin fill of more than 5000 m of siliciclastic rocks, is a promising target for future enhanced geothermal system egs resource exploration, development and production. As yet very little systematic modern exploration for petroleum has been done the opportunity exists for a new generation of explorers to test the potential of these huge basins.
Pdf recent interest in the main karoo basin of south africa has been sparked by the possibility. See related open access article, is the vertebratedefined permiantriassic boundary in the. But not all stakeholders agree, or are yet part of an ongoing debate whether or not south africa should even. The karoo supergroup is the largest stratigraphic unit in southern africa, covering almost two thirds of the present land surface, including central cape province, almost all of orange free state, western natal, much of southeast transvaal, zambia, zimbabwe and malawi. Irish explorer falcon oil and gas has been awarded a shale gas exploration licence in south africas karoo basin. Great karoo, plateau basin in western cape province, south africa, lying between the great escarpment north and the swartberg south. It contains thick, organic rich shales such as the permian whitehill formation representing the prime focus of shale gas permit applications. As a result, very few scientists have been able to visit and scrutinize these localities.
The supergroup consists of a sequence of units, mostly of nonmarine origin, deposited between the late carboniferous and early jurassic, a period of about 120 million years in southern africa, rocks of the karoo supergroup cover almost two thirds of the present land. The karoo basin and the end permian mass extinction. Karoo energy is pleased to announce that exploration work in the gemsbok basin covered by the. Generally, both pre and syn karoo fault systems are considered to have had a local influence on the distribution and thickness of the karoo sequence ecl 1998. Falcon wins shale licence in karoo basin news for the oil. Subvolcanic intrusions in the karoo basin, south africa. South africa eiaari world shale gas and shale oil resource assessment june, 20 xix1 xix. Permian basinfloor fan systems in karoo, south africa join your trip experts, dr. Logr method in coals of the central kalahari karoo. Petroleum potential of the karoo basins the karoo basins the karoo basins of southern africa record 100 million years of sedimentation in the heartland of the supercontinent gondwana, in a range of depositional environments.
Reactivation of older nesw trends by swpropagating rifts extending from the main ears is evident by recent movement along faults along the damara belt and those that were associated with karoo sedimentation and post karoo graben formation. Abstract the triassic molteno formation in the main karoo basin, south africa, forms a northerly thinning intracratonic clastic wedge deposited by sandy braided rivers of south saskatchewan type. The preserved sbf basin is a topographically flat area with very few outcrops. Shell has applied for rights to explore for natural gas in the karoo.
This work has been released into the public domain by its author, u. This latter area, referred to as the huab basin in the. Rapid vertebrate recuperation in the karoo basin of south africa following the endpermian extinction. Karoo vintagemal part 6 rnds 106 to 110 by jen tyler. Aukarob hardveld is a semi desert natural region of south africa.
The great karoo basin covers an area of over 700,000 km 2 and constitutes a retroarc foreland basin. Geology field trip permian basin floor fan systems of. Cbm and shallow conventional gas in the main karoo basin of south africa cont. The supergroup consists of a sequence of units, mostly of nonmarine origin, deposited between the late carboniferous and early jurassic, a period of about 120 million years. Cobra cobra karoo raised basin mixer ko951r cobraonline. This is an overview of the karoo basin in south africa, and its geologic setting. Cobra karoo raised basin mixer a sophisticated range to suit your modern bathroom product features part of the south african icon range karoo single lever tall basin mixer 210mm spout clearance for a freestanding hand basin chrome plated dzr brass complete control over the temperature of the water with the cobra silk turn ceramic cartridge. Stable isotope constraints on the fluid source of hydrothermal. A key uncertainty is the gas content of the various karoo shale formations this may be limited where diagenesis is particularly high. The karoo pump will vibrate during operation and is fitted with antivibration feet to reduce any associated noise. The elevated landforms are covered with large boulders and stones and support sparse. The karoo is partly defined by its topography, geology and climate, and above all, its low rainfall, arid air, cloudless skies, and extremes of heat.